Tuesday, February 3, 2015

DEVELOPING INNOVATIVE AND EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES AND DEVISING POLICIES TO IMPROVE AVAILABILITY, AFFORDABILITY AND USE OF MEDICINES IN INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO JAMMU AND KASHMIR STATE

According to World Medicines Situation Report published by World Health Organization, an estimated 2.1 billion people worldwide, that comprises one third of global population, do not have access to medicines.  As per this report, within India, an estimated 499-649 million people comprising 50% to 65% of the population, do not have regular access to essential medicines in spite of the fact that the Indian pharmaceutical industry currently ranks third in terms of volume of pharmaceutical production (10% of global share) and is the 14th largest by value (1.5%) worldwide. Its annual turnover has grown from a mere $0.3 billion in 1980 to about $21.73 billion in 2009-10.  India is a world leader in the manufacture and sale of generic medicines to the extent that it is often referred as “the pharmacy of developing world”. However, surprisingly, in spite of such phenomenal growth, India’s own people continue to suffer for want of medicines. There is a clear dichotomy in the progress made by pharmaceutical industry and in securing access of quality medicines to people across the board.
 
Further as per WHO estimates, worldwide half of all the medicines (50-60%) are inappropriately prescribed, dispensed or sold and the situation seems even worse within India. Apart from grim access to quality medicines, Indian pharmaceutical market is also dogged by many issues relating to inappropriate use of medicines like spurious and substandard drugs, sale of prescription drugs over the counter, unethical marketing and prescribing of drugs etc. Within the state of Jammu and Kashmir, an estimated 24.21 lakh people (21.63% population) live below poverty line who cannot afford costly branded medicines. Globally various strategies to enhance access and improve use of medicines have been suggested like promoting use of generic medicines, providing universal health coverage, allowing government subsidies on medicines, making medicines a zero mark-up sector, enforcing micro-insurance schemes etc. However, given the unique circumstances, regulatory framework and constitutional barriers within India where health is a state subject, it becomes highly imperative to develop innovative and effective strategies and to devise pharmaceutical policies at the national as well as state levels in order to overcome the disparities between pharmaceutical production and access to medicines and to improve their use in public as well as private sectors.

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